Lord of the Flies: Close Analysis Essay

Lord of the Flies: write a close analysis, with quotations and comments, of the implications in the extract from ‘The Shell and the Glasses’, starting on p 176: ‘He’s going to beat Wilfred..’ to the end of p178: ‘Then if he comes we’ll do our, our dance again.’ During this extract from ‘The Shell and the Glasses’ we see just to what extent the balance of power on the island has shifted in Jack’s favour. We now see him enjoying himself flexing and abusing his new found power as begins to rule his own savage kingdom. To highlight this, Golding no longer calls Jack by his name but instead calls him ‘Chief’. We are shown that the main element he uses to rule his tribe is fear. He starts having boys punished for no reason. A boy named Wilfred is tied up and beaten for no apparent reason, †He’s going to beat Wilfred’ ‘What for?’ ‘I don’t know, he didn’t say†. To further establish his status as the new chief, Jack demonises Ralph and his followers claiming that they are the enemy, ‘They’ll try to spoil things we do’. This parallels the method used by many 20th century dictators of creating a ‘common enemy’ of the state instilling fear and loyalty into its population. However the main ‘common enemy’ that Jack uses to control his tribe is of course the Beast. Jack claims that Simon was the beast (disguised) which shows he is implying that the boys have a better grasp of the truth during their violent frenzied state of mind than in their calmer moments of reflection. Jack has the ability to convince the other boys that this state of bloodlust and frenzy is a legitimate way to interact with their environment which erodes their sense of morality further and allows Jack to control and manipulate them even more. It would be a major blow to Jack’s leadership if the boys got the impression that they’d already killed the beast as for him the myth (though he believes it himself) is a major source of power. Jack implies to the boys that the beast is an immortal spectre capable of disguising itself. When one of the confused boys asks Jack if they’d already killed it he replies, ‘No! How could we – kill – it?’ To further enhance the effect of this myth on the boys, Jack implies that they give the Beast offerings in order to protect themselves, ‘We’d better keep on the right side of him, anyhow. You can’t tell what he might do.’ Jack wants them to fear and worship the Beast which will make them fear and worship him.

Flight of the Kittyhawk Essay

The case showed that HP valued technical innovation as a key to the business’ success. From the beginning, HP had employed a management by objective (MBO) process that motivated its people to focus on the potential paths of innovation and strategy to achieve its goals. Hence, when the idea for the Kittyhawk project came up, Spenner received the support of Hackborn , and Rey Smelek , the same people who promoted Spenner to General Manager of the Disk Memory Division (DMD) and supported Spenner’s â€Å"concept-driven thinking. The project also received executive support from the top ranks of HP despite the hesitation of some of the R&D section managers in view of the unclear market of the proposed new product. HP seems to have done everything right. They had set up an autonomous project team, and gave the project heavy senior management support. It was then easy for Spenner to create the team for the development of the project. The Kittyhawk team was not governed by the division’s traditional development processes and was given autonomy to develop the drive, find new markets and cultivate its customer base. Seymour and White, both with reputations for â€Å"quick-thinking and action,† led the R;D and marketing divisions, respectively. The Kittyhawk managers carefully selected their staff of exceptional employees from within HP, composed of risk-takers that would be more excited by the market potential of a 1. 3-inch drive than by its technological capabilities. HP has never been a pioneer in the disk-drive business, and Kittyhawk was considered a pioneering effort by the company. HP concentrated its efforts on the most productive stages of the NPD process. The core team for the development of the 1. -inch drive came from within the company. The whole process of development was done within the company but the project team outsourced the manufacture of the drive to an external supplier with proven expertise in miniaturized manufacturing — Japan’s Citizen Watch Corporation — which designed and built an automated production line for Kittyhawk. Initial market rese arch was undertaken by Seymour and White but to give Spenner reassurance, the team contracted a highly reputable research firm that specialized in high tech markets to independently gauge the magnitude of Kittyhawk’s opportunity. However, as no clear market was evident yet, the research firm ended up deriving their conclusions from the Kittyhawk team. As a result, the results of the independent study only mirrored the thoughts of the team. This may have contributed to the error in the target market of the Kittyhawk. HP provided adequate resources and focused R;D funding to the project team which were critical to the success of its NPD process. Eventually, the Kittyhawk project failed to meet its goals but HP still acknowledged its value.

Philosophy Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philosophy Ethics - Essay Example Somehow, some acts are universally taken as condemnable, and people collectively abhor the corrupt behavior, and look down the people observing the same. I came across the moral corruption of some people belonging to the Middle East, where they secretly practice same sex relationships without displaying slightest tolerance for it publicly. Being one of the most religious regions of the entire globe, the Middle East maintains the reputation of the area f the fundamentalists, due to the very fact that the followers of three major faiths including Jews, Christians and Muslims reside there. The teachings of all these faiths vehemently condemn homosexuality, as it is completely prohibited according to these faiths. The Middle East states have introduced severe punishments and penalties on finding homosexual acts, and even announce capital punishment to the offenders. During my stay in Kuwait, I came to know the very reality that the Kuwaitis have imposed strict rules related to veil for women. Consequently, mixing of genders at public or private gatherings and functions are not allowed. Even the families of native people do not develop family terms and relationships between themselves. They pretend to be chaste and pious, which do not enter into social contacts with women, and thus sexual relations with them and adultery has no concern with their culture. They criticize the western societies for practicing adultery and fornication at massive scale, and thus have completely ignored the moral values and ethics from their very life. They blame the Europeans for introducing very favorable rules and laws to the people in respect of getting involved into immoral extra marital activities, which do not have any association with the Christian faith. The Arabs also maintain serious reservations about gay rights prevailing in the USA, Europe and other

Socialization of Generation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Socialization of Generation - Essay Example The Gen Xers, on the other hand, were probably attached that label in deference to the dictionary definition of x as an unknown and incomprehensible factor after older people became confused by ideas and attitudes different from theirs. Of course, the Millennials were named as such because they were born at the approach or turn of the new millennium, while the Net generation was so labeled in reference to the advent of the Internet during its time. This paper attempts a critical analysis of why the set of values and norms that one particular generation subscribes to is different from that of the other generation, based on an examination of my own socialization activities as a Gen Xer and those of earlier generations. The year of my birth was 1971, which makes me one of the Gen Xers, who were categorized as those born between 1965 and 1976. My generation came immediately after the Baby Boomers, who were born between 1946 and 1964, and just before the Millennials, who were born in 1977-1998. In my formative years, the major international events that left an indelible impression may be categorized according to their political, social, economic and scientific import. In the political sense, I remember the withdrawal of the US forces from Vietnam in 1972 after a 10-year war of attrition that scandalized much of the world; the Watergate scandal that broke in 1973 and led to Nixon's resignation a year later; the 1972 Black September attack at the Munich Olympics that killed 11 Israeli athletes, which was regarded as the first incident of international terrorism; and the bloody riots triggered by the killing of students by National Guards at Kent State. On the social scene, I recall the hot pants and mi cro-minis for girls, shoulder-length hair and non-traditional clothing for men, streaking nude in public places, the rage for station wagons and RVs (recreational vehicles), and the disco dance craze stoked by the film Saturday Night Live. As for events with economic significance, the first fuel crisis in 1973 stood out, which happened after the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) refused to ship oil products to nations that supported Israel in the Yom Kippur War between Syria and Egypt. The single most important science-related breakthrough in my youth was the introduction of home computers through Apple II, Atari and other video games. The influence exerted by these events in the socialization practice of Gen Xers like me may have reflected in the traits commonly associated with our generation, which are independence, resilience and adaptability (Thielfodt & Scheef, 2004). We witnessed officials like Nixon betrayed public trust, peace officers like the National Guards gunned down helpless students, Arab terrorists killed innocent athletes, and organizations like OPEC withheld vital oil supply from the world for selfish political reasons. These were unprecedented and outrageous spectacles at the time that could have bred cynicism in us and taught us to distrust humanity. As a result, people in my generation learned to challenge conventions and to look out for our own selves. The fads

Social networking and employee identities Essay

Social networking and employee identities - Essay Example For example, when used for recruitment purposes social networking sites may fail to meet all the necessary security requirements. In the workplace, where social networking is often used for promoting the communication between employees, similar security problems have appeared. The risks of social networking in regard to a particular security issue, the identity of its users, are explored in this paper. Reference is made, especially, to the identities of employees, as users of the social networking sites. The literature review related to this issue verifies the extensive use of social networking sites, as a tool of communication, in the workplace and the involvement of these sites in the hiring process. Also, the studies published in this field indicate the failures of social networking sites to offer to their users full protection of their identities. 2. Social Networking and Employee Identities Social networking sites are extensively used in the workplace. In the past, employees acc essed these sites just for entertainment reasons (Timm 2010). Today, social networking sites are officially used in the workplace for a variety of purposes: a) for improving the communication between employees in various organizational departments, b) for helping to the sharing of documents and other material between employees; the performance of e-mail in regard to such service can be low as problems in the central servers of the e-mail providers are common; c) for developing critical organizational activities; reference should be made, as examples, to the marketing and recruitment processes (Timm 2010). On the other hand, the benefits of social networking for organizations cannot be doubted. Indeed, social media can help businesses to improve their market image, to increase their customer base and to improve their communication with their customers (Society for Human Resource Management 2012). In addition, through social media employees are able to share their ideas and their conc erns in regard to the tasks assigned to them (Society for Human Resource Management 2012). However, in firms where employees use social media, the exposure of IT systems to various threats is quite high (Society for Human Resource Management 2012). The disadvantages of the use of social media, as related to the workplace could be described as follows: a) increased risk for ‘virus attacks and online scams’ (Society for Human Resource Management 2012), b) potential damages on organization’s reputation, a problem that usually results from the negative comments of employees in social networking sites (Society for Human Resource Management 2012) and c) decrease of employee performance; such problem exists in case that employees spend a lot of time ‘in updating their online profile’ (Society for Human Resource Management 2012). According to a survey published in 2011, currently a high percentage of employers, about 48.3% allow to their employees the use of social networking sites in work, even for non-business use (Fisher 2011, Figure 1, Appendices). It should be noted that a percentage of 25% of employers, a rather high percentage, prohibits any access to social media in work if the use is not made for covering business needs. On the other hand, a high percentage of employers, about 70.7% prefer to adjust the IT systems in the workplace so that the access to social networking

Ergonomics in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ergonomics in the Workplace - Essay Example These decades have witnessed how managers shifted from using typewrites to using expensive computers, from using manual labour to highly specialised equipment and machinery and so on and so forth. In a nutshell, this development can be categorised as development in Information Technology. However, such developments have often resulted in increased complexity, pressures and strains, as well as various other issues, in the workplace. Specifically, the transformation to the wholesale adoption and implementation of computer technology has resulted in the domination of machines in the workplace, where employers typically expect employees to work on complex computer programs and technical equipment such as using barcodes instead of simple manual stock forms as a part of their work to improve their performance and targets in order to acquire bonuses and promotions. All of this has given rise to materialistic culture, even in the workforce, where every employee try to compete with his collea gue to win accolades and praise from his boss. This competition is rewarding for the business, but it has had certain bad effects on the health and psychology of individuals. This is due to a number of different reasons that are leading to an adverse impact on individuals in the workplace (Hartvigsen & Lings, 2004). . Conflict and Change in Workplace Environment: . Conflicts can be defined as stressors that individuals have to face sometimes in their lives and careers. The complexity of organisational structure and introduction of new technology into the business have increased the risk of conflicts between workers and their supervisors, workers and their colleagues and workers and managers. For example, there might be conflict of interest between workers and supervisors about the working hours, wages etc. This will create disruption in the work and put off workers' mind towards things that will create stress and in short it will be a disturbance to work. (Lazarus, 1999; Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) An employment relation service in the Britain, ACAS (2007) have indicated that, despite the important role of ergonomics, a huge number of individuals confront various challenges at times of conflicts such as when they find that the decisions taken by the top management are against their personal value or change in their workplace environment against their wishes can range from physical and social to psychological and emotional adverse impacts (Hartvigsen & Lings, 2004). This subsequently results in the bad performance of the organisations and workers. Before analyzing the different mechanisms that individuals use to cope during times of conflict and change at work, it is imperative to identify and discuss the challenges and issues that will enable a better understanding of the topic. In particular, many agencies and psychologists (e.g., ACAS, 2007) have indicated that changing the workplace environment and avoiding disagreements among the top level management and workers is impossi ble, as they are a fundamental part of every healthy organization. In other words, it may be riskier to avoid conflict and change, since this could have a detrimental effect on different processes such as differing value judgements or priorities of the

Global Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Global Issues - Essay Example In the Hurricane Katrina, one of the international disasters, the role of the state in providing human security came under sharp criticism. The state failed to provide the required human security, resulting to the severe impact of the Hurricane Katrina. Hurricane Katrina is one of the largest natural disasters that US has encountered in its history. The hurricane left over 1800 people dead and ten thousands were left homeless and lacking basic essentials, making it the deadliest and most destructive disasters in the US. Moynihan notes that the response plan for the disaster was integrative and involved both the intergovernmental and international actors.1 However, it is indisputable that the US government was responsible for preparing for such a calamity as well its alleviation as part of its obligations to provide human security within the country. However, in the disaster response plan, the government was inefficient in collecting the bodies of the victims as well as coordinating the international actors. The whole process was punctuated with disagreements especially on the assignment of the rescue responsibilities. Resultantly, the state was unable to act swiftly to reduce losses and to rehabilitate those who lost property in th e disaster. From this perspective, it is apparent that the government failed to provide human security. A problem-solving attitude is crucial for any government that intends to secure its public to future life risks. The US is one of the countries that have emphasized on the need for disaster planning including recognition of its roles in preventing disasters and reduces loss in case of a happening. Katrina happened 3 years after the formation of the department of Homeland Security and one year after the formation of the Disaster response plan2. The purpose of the disaster response plan unit was to prepare for disaster management and to provide the public with security when such events

Leaders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leaders - Essay Example His step towards achieving this was to make learning to be student-oriented to the best extend possible. After briefing the students on the various topics, he consulted them when and on how best they wanted to learn about a certain topic within the course. His major focus was the less motivated students who were generally performing low. Most of them suggested that for every difficult topic, they wanted the professor to take them through it on a lecture, followed by other experimental and participatory activities like practical exercises, watching of video clips or visit to places. This would be followed by individual and group discussion questions to test their understanding on the topic. The lecture lessons were also moved to morning when most of the students had more capacity to take in lecture information. The results were splendid! Initially, he would yell at the students to achieve great compliance but now, he does not even point a finger. All the students long for his lessons and there is great improvement in the performance of many students as indicated by the regular individual and group work assignments and tests he offers them. Basing on the explanation of Montana and Bruce (2008) the leadership style employed by the professor in this case was democratic type of

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Journal - Essay Example Despite years have passed since the Cold War ended, the hidden ambivalence and suspicions between the two world powers remain. The Russian conflict in Chechnya has been denounced vocally by the US, while its president, former KGB officer Vladimir Putin, has been viewed with suspicion due to his hard-hand methods. However, the world being under the threat of global terrorism, the United States would be willing to overlook those matters for much more pressing concerns. Given Russia's cooperation so far in the U.S. war in Afghanistan, including its sharing intelligence about al-Qaeda and the Taliban, Bush is apt to comply (James Carney, Our New Best Friend, time.com). Russian support to the American global war against terrorism would be looked with both the Russians and the Americans looking at the advantages of such agreements. The Americans gain better assets in their campaign while the Russians gain better favor and image in the eyes of the Western world. Source cited Carney, J. â₠¬Å"Our New Best Friend?† Time Magazine. 12 Nov 2012. Web. 27 May 2002. World Politics Journal Entry 2 Issue: Military Intervention In the year 2008, the Georgian-South Ossetian War broke-out with Georgian forces breaking through the South Ossetian border while the two regions exchanged fierce artillery firing. The involvement of Russia in this conflict caught the world’s attention more closely. For one, South Ossetia is considered to be one of the sub-republics of the Russian Federation. Any attack on a territory under the Russian Federation would lead to a very forceful reprisal. This, unfortunately, happened to the Georgians who faced a terrific defeat by Russian forces. A year afterwards, ready, and waiting. Georgia and Russia have traded increasingly belligerent accusations against the other as the anniversary of last year's five-day war has approached in recent weeks; these soldiers, sent by Moscow to guard the breakaway republic of South Ossetia, are on the front line of that war of words (John Wendle, A Year After War, S.Ossetia More Dependent on Russia, time.com). As the region of South Ossetia still reels and remembers from the attack made by the Georgians, it is only logical for South Ossetia to look on to Russia for aid. The Russians also see this as a matter and opportunity that they cannot let slide. It has been the goal of Russian leader Vladimir Putin, and also noticed by the rest of the world powers, to expand Russian influence towards the territories it once held during the Cold War. This could be seen as Russia’s attempt to restore its Cold War era status as a superpower in par with its Western rivals such as the United States. Source Cited Wendle, J. â€Å"A Year After War, S.Ossetia More Dependent on Russia†. Time Magazine. 12 Nov 2012. Web. 10 Aug 2009. World Politics Journal 3 Issue: Military Rearmament During the Cold War, the United States considered the former Soviet Russia as such a powerful force to reckon with that it led to a full-scale arms race. By the end of the Cold War, however, Russia lost due to not having the sufficient economy to support its staggering military expenditure. It did not help either that the first administration of the Russian Federation under the late President Boris Yeltsin was rampant with corruption and inflation. The Russian military at this time was at a point of slow decline. Come the term of the new Russian leader Vl

“Eleanor Rigby” by The Beatles Essay Example for Free

â€Å"Eleanor Rigby† by The Beatles Essay â€Å"Eleanor Rigby† is an original song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney of the one of the most famous bands of all time, the Beatles. The song was about the indistinct story of a woman named Eleanor Rigby who lived a heartrending and desolate life. The still and hollow life of Eleanor Rigby seemed to have followed her after her death as the song depicts the absence of people – neither her family nor friends – during Eleanor’s funeral. Lennon and McCartney wrote, â€Å"Eleanor Rigby died in the church, and was buried along with her name, nobody came. † This particular line suggests the silent passing of Eleanor Rigby – that is, as if she never existed when she was still alive, and when she died, her name got lost in the sea of people who were born and have died without leaving any sign of their existence. In general, Eleanor Rigby represents all the lonely people in the world who suffer the same emptiness and insignificance. Considering the structure and the content of the song â€Å"Eleanor Rigby,† it may be classified as a ballad for various reasons. The defined characteristics of a ballad fit the structure and content of the song. For one, the song tells a story (â€Å"Characteristics of a Ballad†), although indistinct, about the unpretentious life of Eleanor Rigby and the involvement of Father McKenzie in her interment. The indistinctiveness of Eleanor Rigby’s story entails the reading between the lines and the direct interpretation and assumption of her life and how Lennon and McCartney related it to the sea of lonely faces that live and die not knowing who they are, what they’re supposed to do, and such. Second, the story of Eleanor Rigby is told through simple, uncomplicated language (â€Å"The Ballad). One can easily deduce what her life was all about, although the meaning necessitates a deeper look and understanding, the main idea of the song is clearly understood from the lyrics. Other features of the song that match its categorization as a ballad includes its dramatic and somber tone, the direction of the first few lines of the song which directly takes the reader or the listener toward cataclysm, and the focus of the song which is on a particular situation or experience. (â€Å"Characteristics of a Ballad†) The feeling of loneliness and sadness is felt throughout the song, from the first line to its last. The repetitive tone of being abandoned and deserted is reflected leaving behind a depressive and sad state of mind. (Price) Next, the first line, â€Å"Ah, look at all the lonely people,† smashes directly into the catastrophic or tragic motif of the song – that is the lonely life of Eleanor Rigby, and her seeming demise even before her actual bereavement. The focus of the song is on her life and how it relates to other lives that are plagued by uselessness and non-existence. The more specific features of the song that are readily observable, depicting its inclination to become categorized as a ballad, has something to do with the repetition of the lines throughout the song (â€Å"The Ballad†), particularly the following lines: â€Å"all the lonely people, where do they all come from, all the lonely people, where do they belong. † In addition, the song was written on a third-person perspective, such that the author does not interfere with the events in the story constituting the song. The life of Eleanor Rigby was narrated in such a way that the author is identified as an observer or spectator. (â€Å"The Ballad†) Through the basic and observable characteristics of the song, one can classify it as a ballad. From the narrative tone of the song, to the uncomplicated or simple use of language in depicting the story, from the dramatic tone of voice, to the direct theme of catastrophe and tragedy, the repetition of various lines, the third-person perspective, and the single focus of the song, which is on the life of Eleanor Rigby and every other individual she represents, everything comes together to form a lyrical ballad which is meant to be sang revealing various emotions of clarity. s Works Cited â€Å"The Ballad. † (N. D.) Retrieved from Grinell. 11 December 2008. http://www. cs. grinnell. edu/~simpsone/Connections/Poetry/Forms/ballad1. html. â€Å"Characteristics of a Ballad. † (N. D. ) Retrieved from Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics. 11 December 2008. http://www. sip. uiuc. edu/people/rromero/notes/corrido_characteristics. htm. Price, Richard. (2008). â€Å"REVEALED: The Haunting Life Story Behind One of Pop’s Most Famous Songs†¦ Eleanor Rigby. † Retrieved from Associated Newspapers Ltd. 11 December 2008. http://www. dailymail. co. uk/femail/article-1088454/REVEALED-The-haunting-life-story-pops-famous-songsEleanor-Rigby. html

Self Esteem and Adolescence

Self Esteem and Adolescence Amber Le Many high school students today graduate and aspire to pursue post-secondary education. One of the many necessary criteria that these students are often required to meet include college entrance exams such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (also known as SAT) or the American College Testing (also known as ACT). These standardized admission tests are taken by high school students where they later receive scores of their performance that determine what range of colleges and universities their scores are capable of satisfying. Today, there are people who oppose to the idea of colleges using these numbers to be one of many benchmarks for determining admissions, as these people do not believe that the numbers that result in taking these standardized test directly reflect upon a students intelligence, but rather their ability to answer questions at a given amount of time. Whatever the belief, these test results are legitimate nonetheless. For some people, these test results narrows down th eir post-secondary paths to limit them, and for others, opportunities are opened up. One can assume that many would prefer the latter result after receiving input on their academic performance, as receiving unsatisfying results is unpleasant for virtually all of us. From this, the question arises of how academic performance, such as these standardized tests, can affect a persons self-esteem. First off, what is self-esteem? In Merriam-Webster, self-esteem is define as, a confidence and satisfaction in oneself. A research from University of California, Davis, elaborates on self-esteem, explaining: Self-esteem is how we value ourself; It is how we perceive our value to the world and how valuable we think we are to others. Self-esteem affects our trust in others, our relationships, our work- nearly every part of our lives. This description of self-esteem describes to us that self-esteem plays an immense role in the outcome of a persons life. A persons self esteem can be affected by many factors that involve in affecting their confidence or satisfaction in oneself. This can be different for many people, as values along with levels of confidence greatly varies from person to person. The general factors include, social relationships, family, school, society, media, feedback, consequences in life, popularity, success, and a persons way of handling things. Self-esteem is important because along with self-awareness, self-esteem is a sine qua non playing a role in a persons ability to realize their own potential and build confidence on themselves. Although there is no mathematical equation to measure exactly how much self-esteem a person has that will result in a specific end product, there are ways to approximate a persons self-esteem, based on questions that narrow down the results to a general answer. The Rosenberg Self Esteem scale is a scale often used in social-science research that involve in a series of questions relating to a persons self esteem. These series of questions allow subjects to answer their questions by agreeing or disagreeing to questions and stating to what degree they agree or disagree. There is then a score at the end of the questionnaire, that shows where that subject self esteem lies. This will help our experiment because we are experimenting to see if there is a change in these self-esteem test results, before and after our subjects have been given test results that please them and test results that do not please them. In such a physically, mentally, and emotionally formative age, adolescents experience and are exposed to many things that affect who they become later in life. These things can both be positive and negative things. At this age, adolescents are exposed to a wide variety of environments that include social, competitive, and academic- all that have the capability of affecting self-esteem. In all reality, any environments we are in are capable of affecting our self-esteem. Nonetheless, being exposed to great motley of these environments greater the likeliness of ones self-esteem of being affected. In social environments, factors such as relationships with friends and families can affect ones self esteem, where good and reliable relationships have greater chances of improving self-esteem, and unhealthy relationships have greater chances of lowering self-esteem. All these apply for the other environments. As stated before, anything that affects the satisfaction of ones self affects self-es teem. In competitive circumstances, one might not be satisfied if they feel as though they failed to perform to their greatest potential, thus causing, though trivial, to become possibly vulnerable of having lower self esteem. Through observation and research, it is possible to believe that self-esteem associates with an adolescents academics and their social skills. The ability for an adolescent to perform well in both environments affects the levels of their self-esteem. Switch it around, and it would also make sense to say that having the deserving amount of self-esteem can affect the way something is done. However, research cannot prove entirely that self-esteem does propose these actions, but it is all left for the individual to do what they believe is correct. Educational and social achievements promote positive self-esteem. which creates the idea of a healthy climate. The act of achieving encourages the desire to continue and to feel motivated. Most schools and communities want their youth to constantly feel this way so that the lack of participation and the struggle to engage should not have to be a problem.   The effects of failure are the opposite and they play a different role in an adole scents way of living. Failure can affect the levels of self-esteem by influencing depressive symptoms among those who do so. Failing also creates mental effects that can affect a persons ability to decide in the long run. These negative effects can continue to discourage the tendency to feel motivated. From these two stances, one   could either try to do better again or quit entirely. Besides the number of accomplishments and failures being made, there are plenty of other factors that can affect ones self esteem level. Many of these factors can be simple things, but can also be complex and affect you for the rest of your life. The factor that tends to influence self-esteem the most are commonly negative. ADD DETAIL. Negative factors happen to be more prominent in the way self-esteem is handled because its harder to get back into the habit of setting goals and achieving them. It would be better to just consider stopping whatever you planned on pursuing. There are personal factors that can help you discover your own identity and make you feel a certain way based off of who you want to be, and there are also environmental factors that can go to the highest extent and urge you to feel a certain way based off of everything that is around you. Personal factors can include ideas that relate towards past childhood, family, and genetics. Depression is a major influence on levels of self-esteem and is the result of not being able to regain that high level of self-esteem. Body image, social experience, performance, and voice are among the common environmental factors most adolescents allow to affect their self-esteem. [[[Luckily, there are many skills and techniques that can improve an individuals level of self-esteem. Some ideas include therapies or practices that can encourage individuals to feel confident in the way that they perform during their daily tasks. The key is to maintain a sustainable level of self-esteem throughout your life so that it is not too high or too low. The right amount of self-esteem will help you in your life, but too much of it can be troublesome. Having too high of a self esteem level does not allow you to healthily challenge yourself and benefit you in your views of life. Characteristics of those who have too high of a self esteem level tend to assign themselves to a superiority, blind themselves from their own faults, and limit themselves to the ability of change and improvement. However, having too low self-esteem isnt something youd want either. It can lead to some dangerous effects.   Having too low of a self-esteem level will put stress on your thoughts, d ecisions, and overall life. There are extreme consequences in promoting a lifestyle of low self-esteem. Some activities that allow you to build and keep your levels of self-esteem include developing new hobbies, exercising, and simple positive thinking. Keep in mind the effect you have towards other individuals who surround you as a close friend, family, or stranger. The way that you interact with another can also influence the way they control their self-esteem level. Low self-esteem is an issue that can extremely affect youth development and social behaviors worldwide.]]] Adolescents are at an age where they arent spending as much of their time at home anymore and they are beginning to become more actively involved throughout their school and community. Because growing up is a huge factor in the form of self-esteem, self-esteem is seen more often in adolescents than seen in adults. Remember that self-esteem can influence decisions made outside of your home and your school. Evidently self-esteem plays a role in specific environments such as social, athletic, and academic. Most importantly, the amount of self-esteem an adolescent has can affect their performance in many different ways. It affects their activity advancement and improvement. These things are important towards their growth and future successes. Will those who have higher self-esteem levels continue to life their life more successfully than those who dont have as much self-esteem? Tons of factors allow an individual to determine what they want to do and how they want to continue feeling. It is important to understand the significance of ones performance; it just so happens that these factors affect it. Works Cited Adolescence and Self-Esteem. (n.d.). Retrieved January 19, 2017, from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/surviving-your-childs-adolescence/201009/adolescence-and-self-esteem B. (n.d.). 9 Factors That Affect Self Awareness And Self Esteem. Retrieved January 19, 2017, from http://selfprogress.co.uk/9-factors-that-affect-self-awareness-and-self-esteem/ C., About Chris Youth Expert, Parenting Coach, Editor of Understanding Teenagers. (2016, February 27). Teenagers and Self Esteem: Key Factors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Understanding Teenagers Blog. Retrieved January 19, 2017, from http://understandingteenagers.com.au/blog/teenagers-and-self-esteem-key-factors/ Factors Affecting Self-Esteem in Teens. (2015, June 27). Retrieved January 19, 2017, f rom http://www.livestrong.com/article/557343-factors-affecting-self-esteem-in-teens/ Raevuori, A., Dick, D. M., Keski-Rahkonen, A., Pulkkinen, L., Rose, R. J., Rissanen, A., . . . Silventoinen, K. (2007, November). Genetic and environmental factors affecting self-esteem from age 14 to 17: a longitudinal study of Finnish twins. Retrieved January 19, 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2084483/

The Third Parent :: Biology Essays Research Papers

The Third Parent Once there was a princess who was born with three parents- a lovely mother, a wonderful father, and a third who was neither. The princess lived with her mother and father in a humble but charming little castle near the sea. The third parent lived inside the princess's head. The princess did not realize the existence of this parent for quite some time. It had hidden itself deep in her psyche, biding its time, waiting for precisely the right moment. It fed on her secret fears and weaknesses and grew strong on them. It watched her true parents stealthily through the princess's innocent eyes, waiting for them to look away for just one moment. They seemed unlikely to do so, as the princess was greatly cherished and well cared-for. In the princess's ninth year, however, the moment arrived. It was not the true parents' fault. They were only human. Still, it was rather unfortunate. The princess was, by nature, a blithe little soul. She loved to sing and dance and play in the courtyard with her younger brother and the royal pets. When not at play in the sun, she was equally happy retiring to her sunny yellow bedroom, where the curtains were laughing daisies and baby animals romped on the walls. There she would rest with a stack of books given her by the Old King, her father's father, and read contentedly for hours. One day the young king and queen had to face a sad matter, and for just one moment their attention was turned from their daughter. The princess came into her room one day to find her mother weeping. When told the reason why, the princess wanted to weep too, but could not. In that moment when her deepest fear had been realized, the Third Parent reached its full strength. "No crying," it said to her. "And no talking." It shooed the queen out of the little yellow room and, using the princess's own hands, locked the door behind her. There the princess remained as a prisoner to the Third Parent. The animals on the wall ceased their romping. The daisies no longer laughed. The sun disappeared from the window and the air grew heavy and still. Numbly, the princess crossed the darkened room to gaze into her mirror. She felt so cold and strange, she had to see if her appearance had altered.

Text Messaging Enhances Language Essay -- Communication AIM Language E

Text Messaging Enhances Language My younger brother sits as his computer everyday after work to "talk" to his friends through America Online (AOL) Instant Messaging (IM). They use terms like BRB (be right back) and LOL (laugh out loud) that seem a little confusing to the "out-dated" older sibling. It amazes me that he can carry on a conversation using abbreviations for virtually every word or phrase. It doesn't even bother him anymore that I peek over his shoulder to see what they're "talking" about, because he knows it's foreign to me and I can't understand it anyway. As I watch my younger brother on the computer at night, I realize that our habits of reading and writing are changing through modern computer technology like instant messenger. The way we write on instant messenger effects the way we work with writing in an educational sense, but at the same time, enhances, or helps develop, a totally new language. Take for example the following text, which is foreign to most of us: "How hz cyberculture changed d way we tink bout writiN & writers? hav our habits of rEDN & writiN bcum fundamNtLlE dfrnt az a result of contemporary cmptr teknoloG? hav technological advances damaged o NhancD d way we wrk w writiN?" That can be translated into the questions for our assignment: How has cyberculture changed the way we think about writing and writers? Have our habits of reading and writing become fundamentally different as a result of contemporary computer technology? Have technological advances damaged or enhanced the way we work with writing? There's a website http://www.transl8it.com/cgi-win/index.pl that allows a user to type in a phrase and it is translated into computer language by the click of a button. This to... ...ges our writing. In another sense, the IM language could, in time, enhance the evolution of a whole new language. The Net Lingo website has many relevant examples of IM language. Works Cited Birkets, Sven. "Into the Electronic Millenium." Tribble and Trubek 62-74. Bolter, Jay David. "The New Dialogue." Tribble and Trubek 75-87. Cabagnot, Ruby. "Text Messaging: Boon or Bane?" 12 December 2000. Business World Online Inc. Website.16 June 2003. http://itmatters.com.ph/features/features_12122000.html. CNN. "R ur txt msgs or OK?" Thursday, 13 February 2003. Associated Press. Website. 16 June 2003.CNN.com. Landow, George. "Twenty Minutes into the Future, or How Are We Moving Beyond the Book?" Tribble and Trubek 214-226. Tribble, Evelyn B. and Anne Trubek, eds. Writing Material" Readings from Plato to the Digital Age. New York: Longman, 2003.

Life, Death, and the Heroic Archetype Essay -- Heroes Hero Essays

Life, Death, and the Heroic Archetype The heroic archetype is a creative expression borne of the individual's desire to know and to understand the uncontrollable and often chaotic world in which he lives. In the popular culture of America we can find many reflections of the heroic figure; in writing, in the graphic art of comic books, and most certainly in the aftermath of September 11th, heroes are ever present. Our cultural champions speak to our collective need to make sense of the nonsensical and to establish order in both our external and internal worlds. Indeed it is through the internal world of the psyche and the lens of psychological thought that we may gain a better perspective of the fusion of creativity and knowledge that we have come to call the heroic figure. Creative experience and its expression cannot exist without some contextual framework by which it is understood and appreciated. The very survival of all that is creative depends upon such knowledge. Just as a bird released from its cage must eventually return to roost or perish in the wilderness so must our creative thoughts and imaginings eventually return to the reality of the corporeal world and the causal laws that govern it. This is the very nature of that which we call 'learning' and it is in such a way that creative thought gains relevance and weight, becoming part of our conscious reality. It is through this relationship between creativity and knowledge, between that which we imagine and that which we know, that we may gain a greater understanding of the heroic figure and its cultural significance. The archetype of the hero is an expression of our imagination as well as a reflection of our experience. Carl Jung develops this idea in his essa... ...ranz, M-L. "Science and the Unconscious." Man and His Symbols. Ed. Carl G. Jung. New York: Doubleday, 1964. 304-310. Henderson, Joseph L. "Ancient Myths and Modern Man."Man. Ed. Jung. 104-157. Hughes, Kristen E. "I Will Be My Own Hero." Encounters: Essays for Exploration and Inquiry. Ed. Pat C. Hoy II and Robert DiYanni. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2000. 50-54. Jung, Carl G. "Approaching the Unconscious." Man. Ed. Jung. 72-73. "The Archetypes and the Collected Unconscious."The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. 2nd ed. Ed. Carl G. Jung. London: Routledge, 1990. 393-417. "On the Relation of Analytical Psychology to Poetry."The Advanced College Essay. Ed. Don Golini. Boston. McGraw-Hill. 2002. 170-188. O'Brien, Tim. "How to Tell a True War Story." Advanced.Ed. Golini. 439-557. "Policewoman's Remains Found at Trade Center." The New York Times. 21 Mar. 2002: B4.

Sir Gawain Essay

11-1-11 Chivalric But Still Human â€Å"The motto of chivalry is also the motto of wisdom; to serve all, but love only one. † (Honore de Balzac). The Chivalric code is a clutter of rules that contradict each other and challenge normal human behavior. These rules of chivalry are predominantly concerned with courage, honor and gentlemen- like- behavior, which play an important role in proving one’s faithfulness to the King. In the poem, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Sir Gawain proves to be a hero because he continually struggles against his human flaws to act in a heroic manner.Sir Gawain is acknowledged as a chivalric human because he is a courageous man who perseveres through difficult events and faces both human temptation and terror. Throughout Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Gawain constantly battles to uphold the chivalric code, and in the end one can determine that Gawain did in fact uphold the chivalric code. To begin, Gawain upholds the law to be a courageous man in all circumstances. Near the end of the poem Gawain reaches the Green Knight’s castle to uphold his promise that they made a year and a day before.When Gawain arrives, he and the knight begin conversation and form an agreement to follow through with the terms. As the Green Knight describes what he shall do, Gawain says, â€Å"Never fear†¦ I’ll stand still and allow you to work as you like and not oppose/ you here† (91-95). At this point within the poem, Gawain has done everything to follow the code of chivalry. True bravery and courage is not found in many men, but Gawain is able to conquer this obstacle and prove that he is brave. In this instance, Gawain is allowing the knight to do as he pleases, which is to cut off his head.This demonstrates that he is a fearless man awaiting his death. Additionally, he does not choose to resist the punishment and run for his life, he takes in the punishment because he has the strength to accept his fate. Many me n in this situation could not demonstrate this action, allowing the reader to conclude that Gawain has a strong sense of bravery, which is an important and crucial characteristic needed to uphold the chivalric code. As the story progresses, so does Gawain following and upholding the Chivalric code.The code, furthermore, includes such as acts of honor and noble behavior towards women. After the Green Knight has given his punishment to Gawain, he speaks words of truth to him saying, â€Å"A man who’s true to his word should have nothing to fear† (195-196). The Knight know that Gawain did nothing wrong the first two days, because he returned what he had received. Since he did not try to take her seductive kisses to the next level while being chaste towards the mistress, shows that he respects women. Respect and love towards women is an important contribution to the chivalric code.Furthermore, the demonstration of returning what was received for the two of the days shows t hat Sir Gawain was an honorable man to his host, by staying true to his vows exchanged three days earlier. Overall, Sir Gawain is shown to maintain the chivalric code by following four critical laws within the code of chivalry, yet still struggling with his many human weaknesses throughout the course of his journey. Despite the fact that Gawain upheld most of the chivalric code, some may think that he failed to uphold the code because of human mistakes.As the story begins, the Green Knight comes inside the castle, gets his head sliced off and then is miraculously fine, and he walks out telling Sir Gawain to find him in a year and a day. This series of events exemplifies to Gawain that he, himself, is not immortal and he should fear for his own life. When Gawain finally arrives at the Knight’s castle on the dreadful day, the knight explains, â€Å" But you have lacked a little, sir; you were less that loyal;/ But since it was not the sash itself or lust/ But because you loved your life, I blame you less† (207-209).All humans have, in some way, a in fear of death. This was the feeling that overcomes Sir Gawain, causing him to keep the sash that was given to him on the third day by the mistress. This action caused Gawain to fail to uphold the chivalric code because he was disloyal to the host. No other knight would be chivalrous enough to pass up a chance to save his life; each one is human which means they ultimately fear their own death.In the end, some would consider Gawain a failure, but in logical terms it was an opportunity too difficult to pass up by any human, showing that human flaws have interfered with Gawain’s journey to uphold the chivalric code. The knight agrees with this and understands that even though Gawain should uphold the code, he has to go through some loopholes. This understanding by the Green Knight later comes about in the conversation between Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the Knight states, â€Å"You are the fin est man that ever walked this earth†¦ so Gawain indeed stands ut above all other Knights† (204-206). Even though Gawain has showed disloyalty to the Knight, or at the time his host, the Green Knight is still able to state that he is a heroic knight. Gawain is considered one of the greatest knights, because he knows that he is only making mistakes due to human flaws in his judgments, which difficult to overcome. But the Knight knows that he has the ability to recognize his mistakes and fix them. Overall, this shows that Gawain is trusted and trusted not to repeat his mistakes, revealing him to be chivalrous by then end of the poem.In conclusion, some may think that Gawain was not able to uphold the Chivalric code, but this is a false accusation, because he struggled due to his human flaws that would be impossible to overcome for any living being. Sir Gawain is able to uphold the chivalric code by conquering difficult tasks while following the rulebook. The Chivalric Code i s a complex system that goes against many human flaws and behaviors. Gawain stays courageous, honorable and gentlemen-like through out his journey, even tough he has many battles with temptation and fear.Gawain tries with extreme patience to overcome his errors, but sometimes fails to do so, which shows that he is only human and that everyone makes mistakes but they have the ability to fix them. As Sir Gawain and The Green Knight ends, the reader concludes that even though Gawain did have some failures in meeting all of the exact laws the chivalric code, he is still able to uphold a majority the code of chivalry with prominence and pride.

The Organizational Behavior

Organizational behavior studies human behavior in the workplace and the interaction between people and the organization. When applied to understanding organizational culture, the set of understandings or meanings share by a group of people, and diversity, the differences that exist between individuals, organizational behavior helps a company gain competitive advantage. It does so by improving access to and retention of labor as well as worker productivity and company image. According to Vandeveer, Menefee and Sinclair (2006), organizational behavior is the systematic study of human behavior in the workplace, the interaction between people and the organization with the intent to understand and predict human behavior. Based on theories that behavior is generally predictable, there are differences between individuals, there are fundamental consistencies and that there are a set of rules in almost every organizational setting, organizational behavior explores relations in an attempt to determine causes and effects and draws conclusions based on scientific evidence. Two of the many areas of study include organizational culture and diversity. Organizational culture is a set of understandings or meanings shared by a group of people that are largely tacit among members and are clearly relevant and distinctive to the particular group which are also passed on to new members (Louis, 1980). There are three levels of organizational culture, behavior and artifacts, values, assumptions and beliefs defined by Schein (1988). Behavior and artifacts include expressions that can be seen, felt or heard, such as dress code, offices, awards and recognition and how people interact with each other. Values include things such as a company's mission statement, codes of conduct, and slogans. Assumptions and beliefs are tacit in nature; they are not visible and are not easily identified because they exist as unspoken rules. Underlying assumptions and beliefs grow out of values until they become taken for granted and drop out of awareness. The study of organizational culture is important because it affects productivity, performance, commitment, self confidence, and ethical behavior (Sathe, 1985). Diversity represents the differences that exist between individuals. It includes a broad range of things such as culture, race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomics, age, physical and mental abilities, sexual orientation, religion, language, appearance, personality, learning and thinking styles, communication and conflict styles, family status, geography, military status, education, life and work experiences, and functional responsibility in a given organization (What is diversity? ) Goals of studying diversity in organizations are to understand and take advantage of similarities and differences of all people in achieving a company's mission. With this knowledge, it may be possible to establish a process that allows diverse groups of people to maximize productivity, creativity, and enjoyment to reach their full potentials without being advantaged or disadvantaged by irrelevant or limiting factors. A Business-Higher Education Forum representative states, â€Å"Demographic trends compel business and higher education to make a conscious investment in the development of the talent and productivity of all citizens. † (Corporate, higher education leaders warn: U. S. ust focus on diversity or face decline in competitiveness, 2002) In addition to recruitment, diversity in the workplace can reduce lawsuits and increase marketing opportunities, creativity, and business image (Esty, Griffin, and Schorr-Hirsh, 1995). Ultimately, organizational behavior is a discipline that can be used to improve an organization. Organizational culture and diversity are two areas that prove the tremendous potential for applying organizational behavior. Labor supply, retention and performance and company image depend on successful cultural and diversity practices.

Antony and Cleopatra: Heroic Act, Post Heroic Age

Q: Describe Antony and Cleopatra as a heroic act written in a post-heroic age. Antony and Cleopatra is a tragic play written by William Shakespeare; embodying the basic notions of most of the Jacobean tragedies that occurred during the reign of King James the first of England. The story follows a historical imitation of the events that occurred during the reign of the Egyptian and Roman Empire under the power of Cleopatra of Alexandria and the Triumvirs i. e. Ceaser, Antony and Lepidus of Athens.Antony, one of the main Triumvirs of Rome, falls in love with the Queen of Egypt, Cleopatra, stirring up an affair seeped in political turmoil and war. Antony, torn apart between his duties to his kingdom and his love for Cleopatra, finds himself in the midst of the tragic remembrance of many of Shakespeare’s leading male characters like Othello, Kind Lear, and Macbeth etc. A man, destined towards an impregnable end due to one characteristic drawback, one fatal flaw. To understand the topic of â€Å"Heroism† and â€Å"Post Heroism† one must go back to the origin of the â€Å"Tragic Play†.The idea of tragedy comes from the Aristotelian school of thought. Tragedy as an art form, from the earliest works of Western play writes like Homer and Sophocles; derives itself from a materialist mind, choosing to harness the problems of the inevitable in heroic, noble, aristocratic individuals. It is a matter of ‘masculinity’, noble warriors, fighting for a single minded, subjective socio political motive, devoid of the scepticism, sensibility and democratic ideologies that exist today.It is also associated with myth, sacrifice and rituals, adhering to the rules and predestined location of the individual on a higher, transcendental platform. Adherence to a religious, or god like following. Examples of puritan ideas of tragedy are: Antigone, Agamemnon, Oedipus etc. Antony and Cleopatra was written in the late 16th century AD, during the reign o f King James the first, making it a generalised Jacobean drama. Yet, the play is vastly different than any of its contemporaries, be it from other play writes of the time, as well as Shakespeare’s own tragedies.It is different from its contemporaries by taking characters from a historical, heroic phase of the world and giving it the characteristics of an Aristotelian tragedy, not showing the situations in their respective time periods. Most of the other Jacobean dramas follow only the already existing notion of socio political norms in their timely reality. It surpasses the law of time and space continuum as scenes bounce back and forth between different places (Alexandria, Pompey, and Athens) and different time spheres not rendering to the Aristotelian idea of drama.Also, it is only in Antony and Cleopatra, does Shakespeare have characters that encompass an ideology themselves, defining their identity. Cleopatra, as a character, embodies an alternative idea, the idea of the â€Å"other†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ the exotic, sexual, over feminised view of the Orient. Antony, the idea of the tragic hero, the fallen lover. Octavius Ceaser, the idea of duty, power, discipline. The mere fact that, the political ideologies of the racial other is significant in the play, when strategies and affairs go beyond the Eurocentric notion of duty and order is in itself a marvel.The challenges met by the masculine, western order of the world goes beyond borders to the exotic orient, ruled by a powerful woman who dominates the entire play ; makes many critics treat Antony and Cleopatra as a transgressive play of the time. Yet, it cannot fit the pure idea of the classical tragedy either. It lacks the divine authority of Aristotelian tragedy, not condemning itself too much to predestination. It is devoid of rituals and noble sacrifices etc. The sacrifices made, for example, by Antony and Cleopatra was not for ascetic duties to anyone else, but fuelled by their passion for one anoth er.Cleopatra, as a character, is pivotal to the play. She is either being spoken of, or to in the venture and holds the most power amongst any of the other characters. A woman, being the centre of conversation and drive, is not befitting to a classical tragedy. Hence, Antony and Cleopatra lies somewhere in between, making many critics reassess the idea of the Jacobean drama itself as well as comparing and contrasting the play with its contemporaries to reach a higher understanding of why it was written as such.From this difference is raised the question of the difference in era and time with relation to the notion of honour, heroism and post heroism. Heroism is described as a type of war; the strategy of which is based on a single man’s â€Å"heroic† socio-political motives. Hence, heroism in a literary sense, translates to a drama based upon the wanting’s of one or few men. The Iliad, by Homer is an excellent example of heroism in dramatic form. The war against troy, instigated by personal ambitions of a few men. Achilles’s want of â€Å"glory† (another heroic notion), Menelaus’s revenge against Paris, and Agamemnon’s quest for power.Heroism is found to be the rock base of almost all the tragedies of the ancient western world. Homeric and Aristotelian tragedies base their motives upon the hands of a single person’s personal agenda. A war is caused, thousands is people are sent to their deaths over decades, to win a fight for one man’s honour. Based on myth and sacrifice, adhering to knowledge of ancient civilisations. Antony and Cleopatra, based on the history of civilisations, dating back to around 69 BC, written by William Shakespeare born during the renaissance, Elizabethean age dating to 14th century AD, provides a complex mechanism of thinking.C. L. Barber quotes: â€Å"There was a decline in honour amongst aristocracy due to professionalism of warfare. â€Å"Heroism† no longer existe d by the end of the 17th century. â€Å" Thus comes the question of why a play such as Antony and Cleopatra, full of nobility, honour and the notion of â€Å"Heroism† was written during a post-heroic age. The content, befitting to an Aristotelian drama, is written in a subversive, moralistic fashion provided by the inevitable destruction of the essence to which it is formed.The character of Antony is described as an autonomous figure, with personal drive and passions. Octavius Ceaser on the other hand, performs his duties towards his empire without tangling himself in personal dilemmas. And the character of Cleopatra, of course, renders to the main problem. That is; Cleopatra encompasses the political and personal problem, Antony the fallen lover entangled in the problem, and Ceaser, and the authorial figure who in the end, stamps his values as the winner and survivor of the situation.Ironically, it is the very base of ancient heroism that becomes Antony’s fatal flaw. By the second half of the drama, Antony is trapped within his own ego, whilst Ceaser dissuades his honour. In Act 3, scene 12, Ceaser even foretells Antony’s self-destruction, in a conversation with Thidias upon the news of Antony returning to Egypt fleeing from his duties; â€Å"Observe how Antony becomes his flaw, And what thou think’st his very action speaks, In every power that moves. Shakespeare, reveals the strategy of the play from Ceasers perspective; the perspective of the post heroic age of duty and civilian authority against that of personal glory and ambition. This biasness shows the context with which the play was written; from a Eurocentric, masculine objectivity. Right before Ceaser and Antony go to war with their respective armed forces, Antony challenges Ceaser to a one on one, swordfight to determine their fates. This â€Å"heroic† gesture is then verturned with Ceaser refusing to accept the challenge. In Act 4, scene 1, Ceaser seems to laugh off his Antony’s proposal. â€Å"He calls me boy, and chides as he had power to beat me out of Egypt. My messenger He hath whipped with rods; dares me to personal combat, Ceaser to Antony. I have many other ways to die, meanwhile laugh at his challenge. † Ironically, the Antony seems to be a heroic character driven by his â€Å"honour†, his â€Å"virtus†, yet it is this characteristic itself, that Shakespeare has twisted into a fatal flaw.The character of Antony is destroyed because Shakespeare makes his personal heroism, his only drawback. Odd, as personal glory and passion, two man dual ship, etc. , was revered in the heroic stage of Aristotelian drama, in which historically, the play is located. Perhaps, abiding by the rule of King James the first, Shakespeare needed to adhere to social norms, by exoticising the east, and by condemning Antony’s heroism to death abiding by the Jacobean age which was devoid of such fantasy.By taking the subject o f Antony and Cleopatra, Shakespeare seemingly reverses the whole idea of the myth, and transforms it to please and tutor the masses of 14th century England. Antony and Cleopatra hence becomes one of the most interesting pieces of Shakespeare as well as Jacobean drama, by transgressing itself completely from a heroic, materialistic, world to the dawn of the new age of political stability, democracy and sensibility.

Why Did The Policies Of President Hoover Fail To Combat The Great Depression Effectively?

In October 1929, the USA was plunged into the sharpest recession to take place in American history. The period it lasted for became known as the Great Depression. Drastic action was required to fix the situation, and the first person people looked to was President Hoover, who had unluckily took up presidency eight months before the Wall Street Crash. However, Hoover is known for his inability to sue federal powers to overcome the Depression quickly and effectively. Some recent historians have been more sympathetic towards Hoover because they believe he was a victim of both his own mindset and of one of the most difficult to solve crises in American history. But most believe it was his political beliefs and policies that stopped him fight the Depression successfully. Hoover's main trouble was that he was not willing for direct government to take place. His two central policies were self-help and voluntary co-operation. His continued belief in these represented his continued belief that the economy had to right itself and that changes he made would not help – â€Å"Economic depression cannot be cured by legislative action or executive pronouncement†. Indeed, Hoover knew that the government was urgently required to take action but the action he was willing to take was not nearly enough to deal with the depth of the Depression, as shown through eight different areas of the Depression federal government policies were made on. These were agriculture, tariffs, repudiation of war debts, voluntarism, unemployment relief, Federal Home Loan Bank Act, Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) and war veterans and the ‘Bonus Army'. The legislation passed in all of these areas was a failure, which lost Hoover all credibility. The Agricultural Marketing Act was passed in 1929, creating a nine-person Federal Farm Board with funds of $500 million to create ‘stabilisation corps', and the crops created were eventually bought back at higher prices. The agricultural policy failed for two reasons: firstly because it paid US farmers artificially high prices and could not continue in the long term; secondly because it treated agriculture as a domestic, not foreign, issue. Cheap foreign imports became a problem, and the answer appeared to be even higher tariffs. In June 1930, the Hawley-Smoot tariff was enforced – and was the highest in US history. Its result was most European nations abandoning free trade. Hoover could have vetoed the bill but chose not to. In the repudiation of war debts, Hoover blamed the Depression on Europe, though the situation was in fact vice versa. Europe could not afford to pay back war debts, and international trades decreased. Countries worldwide were in a more depressed state, again a negative result. Hoover placed the onus of improving the situation onto the businesses rather than the government. He told businessmen not to cut their workforces or wages but to maintain output and encourage buying. As the depression worsened, however, they could not afford to do this. Workers were fired and wages reduced, raising unemployment levels. So, Hoover then secured $500 million in 1932 from Congress to use as unemployment relief, but the amount simply wasn't enough. He also set up the President's Emergency Committee for Employment to help agencies organise efforts, but still refused to help directly because of his self-help policies. An example of this is during the 1930-31 drought, which was so severe it led to almost starvation in the South. Congress gave $47 million to be offered as loans, but Hoover still didn't want to give direct relief. He didn't believe in giving out benefits. So unemployment relief was another failed attempt by Hoover to fight the Depression. The Federal Home Lon Bank Act was passed in July 1932, and was Hoover's attempt to save mortgages. A series of Federal Home Loan banks were set up to help loan associations providing mortgages. However, they only lent 50% of the property value. The Act failed and was largely ineffective, and homes were repossessed. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) was Hoover's most radical measure to overcome the Depression and the precursor to the New Deal initiatives of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The RFC was established in January 1932 and could lend up to $2 billion to stabilise banks, insurance companies, railroads and construction companies that were suffering. It was a measure taken to restore confidence. The loans, however, were given mainly to big banks and larger companies. The RFC eventually failed because it was giving too little too late. By this time, Hoover's credibility was severely damaged, but the nail in the coffin was yet to come – the treatment of the Bonus Army, which portrayed him as cold and cruel. In 1925, Congress agreed to give veterans of WW1a ‘bonus' to be paid in 1945. In June 1932, 20,000 war veterans marched to Washington to request their bonus early in order to survive the Depression. They were told that the government could not afford to pay them, but Hoover would pay for their trip home. Feeling betrayed, the veterans set up camp. Hoover feared violence, to the extent of revolution, and called in the military. Tanks, infantry and tear gas destroyed the camp and drove away the veterans. These men who had served their country were called â€Å"tramps and hoodlums with a generous sprinkling of Communist agitators†. Hoover was solely blamed for the dispersal of the Bonus Army, which was a major political blunder. By now, the people of America had turned away from Hoover and were looking for answers elsewhere – Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Already popular as Governor of New York State, Roosevelt appealed to the US people because he proposed to take the action that Hoover would not and showed flexibility. Through his time as Governor, Roosevelt showed his willingness to listen to others' ideas and his belief that direct government intervention was necessary. An example of his flexibility is the Temporary Emergency Relief Administration, set up in 1932. Though it was temporary, it was the first state-run relief effort in the nation. In comparison, Hoover refused to hear ideas remotely associated with government intervention. However, some historians argue that Hoover did in fact involve the government in more areas of life than ever before, for example the expansion of federal lending and the encouragement of public works' schemes. Hoover had a personal concern for those suffering the Depression. He cut his own and state officials' salaries by 20% and had long working hours. On the other hand, he showed optimism in public, which led people to accuse him of losing touch with reality. Although Hoover worked tirelessly to fight the Depression, his refusal to abandon his policies of self-help and voluntary co-operation prevented him from doing so successfully. In conclusion, President Hoover's policies failed to combat the Great Depression effectively because the help they provided were very limited in the extent the Depression had gone to. Because of his beliefs in self-help and voluntary co-operation he blocked direct government intervention from his policies, driving away supporters towards Roosevelt, who won the elections of 1932 and began his ‘New deal'.

Discussion Board 8-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Discussion Board 8-1 - Essay Example Computer is an important test instrument that helps in easy analysis of test results. Additional insight is that merging the various test and assessment tools can help in achieving accurate results about test-takers. In the future, counselors should advocate for creation of advanced computer software with capabilities of synchronizing with various tolls such as interviews, role-plays and case history data to perform quick analysis of results. Computer has proved to be an essential instrument for any kind of work. It has the capability of multitasking and processing large volumes of data at fast speed. It is for the reasons that there is need for development of software programs that can process interview results, case history data, and videos of role play, and perform analysis to produce accurate results about conditions affecting special groups (Cohen, Swerdlik & Sturman, 2013). The Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM) mostly used for individuals with co-occurring disorders should be installed in tablet and laptop computers for use during assessments. The installation should be in such a manner that computer process results upon marking of the items evident in

An analysis of literature relating to illegitimate work and it's Essay

An analysis of literature relating to illegitimate work and it's contribution to the labour market - Essay Example In many societies the same people who financial support prostitution when encounter with other about the topic claim they are against it due to social taboos that force people to take a position which they truly do not support. This paper analyzes and examines the subterranean economy which includes the sexual marketplace. The underground economy involves the occurrence of economic activity that is not detected by the government and is not included as part of the official figures since they are not suppose to exist tax is not imposed upon them (Varian, 2003). This underground economy affects the flow of the economy since the flow derived from these activities ends up being laundered in the economy by using the illegal income to purchase goods and services in the economy. In the United States the size of the underground economy is approximately 13% to 14% the size of the legal economy (Gutmann, 1983). Among the many activities make up the composition of the subterranean economy are prostitution, drug trade, labor of illegal immigrants, trafficking of illegal precious metals, gambling activities of bookies, or any other form of labor such as a babysitting jig that does is not accounted for by the government as a form of income. It is estimated that the subterranean economy creates between 15 to 20 milli on jobs in the United States (Baird, 2007). This a positive consequence of this type of activity, but in general the jobs generated by this economy the workers such as prostitutes and drug sellers working on the spot are workers whose human rights are constantly abused by the gangster who controlled this marketplace. Prostitution is one of the segments of the underground economy. Worldwide the sex game is valued at over $12 billion a year a figure that does don’t account the revenues generated in the pornography industry which is a multibillion dollar industry that is legal activity which the considers in its official numbers, but there is a lot of

Campus issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Campus issue - Essay Example This assignment therefore discusses the problems that exists in Pepperdine University’s dining places and provides solutions to these problems. One day I had an interesting conversation with my friend Steve Wang who loved sports very much. He said to me, â€Å"After playing basketball with my friends, I become too tired to go upstairs to the Cafe or HAWC. Even though there is a food stand at the FF, the foods served there have lots of calories and students have to queue for long.† Another friend, Yu Duan, says â€Å"After a long sporting activity I need a nearby place to relax. The new cafe offers some nutritious foods such as chicken salad, fruits, and yogurt. However, these foods are high in calories and for sportspeople like us they are detrimental for our health.† From the sentiments of my two friends, it is clear that the University does not have enough food outlets to cater for the variant needs of students. A solution to this would be to build more food joints that would meet the need of different students especially the sportspeople. Breakfast offered in the Cafe has never changed. Omelets, sandwiches and chicken rolls have always been the order of the day. Most students have no interests in such unvaried breakfast menus offered every morning. As a result, most of the students forgo breakfast in the morning. I at one time overheard a student say, â€Å"Breakfast meals in these places are too monotonous. I am automatically full when I think of having breakfast here.† Therefore, I strongly suggest that the administration should direct the personnel in charge to vary the meals and have different meals for every morning. Although some students do not have meals in campus during the weekends, some of us who eat in school during weekends find the meals awful. Freshmen who do not have cars find it particularly difficult to drive downtown and enjoy the delicious foods in restaurants. My friend, Yu Duan, once made an interesting comment. He said, â€Å"The

Critical Reading and Writing in Developing Skills Personal Statement - 6

Critical Reading and Writing in Developing Skills - Personal Statement Example I realized that part of the learning process is the acknowledgment of mistakes and the ability to reflect on the progress of my writing process. Through time, I gained the needed confidence in writing and revising essays, according to detailed instructions, until these comply with the needed requirements. From the time I wrote my first essay, which detailed my worst reading experience, I am relieved that I would never feel embarrassed, nor inept, in exhibiting advanced reading and writing skills. The progress was evident from the lesser mistakes noted by peers and in more positive comments that were noted. I realized the value of proofreading, of developing my vocabulary through the constant reading of diverse discourses, and infrequently seeking the needed support and assistance from the writing center. The course was instrumental in making the journey to a more skilled reader and writer a rewarding and successful endeavor.  I realized that part of the learning process is the ackn owledgment of mistakes and the ability to reflect on the progress of my writing process. Through time, I gained the needed confidence in writing and revising essays, according to detailed instructions, until these comply with the needed requirements.                  

Branding - Facebook Development Opportunities Assignment

Branding - Facebook Development Opportunities - Assignment Example This is mainly because; the craze of online media is increasing at a rapid pace as compared to others. Among many other social networking sites, face-book is one of the most renowned and prominent site. It helps in attracting a large array of customers towards the brand thereby presenting various feedback, comments and likes. As a result, an entrepreneur or marketer attains the facility of obtaining numerous customers from a single site thereby amplifying the profitability and brand image of the product among others. Other than this, the amount of investment over promotion or advertisement also gets reduced to a certain extent, which is quite worthy for an organization. And so, the level of revenues and profit margin of the brand also gets enhanced to a significant extent thereby amplifying its dominance in the market. This is the prime reason for which, maximum extent of the marketers or entrepreneurs in today’s age desire to select online networking site Facebook for the pro motion of their products or services. The report is presented in two parts. The first part depicts the strengths and challenges faced by the social networking site, face-book in this globe among others. Along with this, it also includes the threats and weakness faced by the site, due to extreme bargaining power of the buyers and extensive rivalry among the existing parties. On the other hand, the second part resembles the planning part of the networking site, face-book. This part mainly reveals the need for repositioning of the site in the global market among other contending site. Part A- Report Overview of Face-book In order to cope up with the challenges of economic meltdown, promotion or advertisement is the most essential requirement. This is because, by promoting the effectiveness or features of a product or service, large array of customers might be attracted towards the brand. As a result of it, the demand and profit margin of the product might get enhanced thereby amplifying the reputation in the entre segment a mong others. However, this might be possible only with the help of a social networking site, face-book. It is recognised as the most essential and reputed site used for promotion of the products or services in this competitive age. As, maximum extent of the individual desire to visit this site for attaining valuable information and ideas, that might prove effective in future. So, if a single product is promoted in this site, huge traffic might be attracted within a very small time –frame as compared to any other advertisement media. Such a prominent invention came into limelight due to the extensive efforts of Mark Zuckerberg and Dustin Moskovitz, Chris Hughes, Eduardo Saverin in the year 2004. Within next one year i.e. by the end of 2005, Facebook attained a user base of 1 million. And so, it became one of the prominent sites for the marketers to promote their products or services. By doing so, the demand and brand value of the product or services might also be enhanced to a significant extent among others such as bing, Google +, yahoo, rediff etc. So, the importance and efficiency of face-book enhanced to a significant extent as compared to others. Macro environmental Analysis of Face-book PEST analysis is recognised as

The Hard Lessons f Katrina Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Hard Lessons f Katrina - Essay Example According to book, numerous amounts ÃŽ ¿f people were left unemployed, which has affected the economy, since fewer taxes have been paid to the local government. Several loved ones, families, friends, and relatives were separated and lost because ÃŽ ¿f this disaster. The Bush Administration has already spent over $105 billion dollars for repairs and reconstruction in the region. Katrina also destroyed over thirty oil platforms and caused the closure ÃŽ ¿f nine refineries, adding to the economic crises.The forestry industry in Mississippi was also affected, as 1.3 million acres ÃŽ ¿f forest land were destroyed. The total loss to the forestry industry from Katrina is calculated to rise to about five billion dollars. Hospitals relied on bus companies and ambalance services for evacuation, but weren’t able to evacuate their charges. Many forms ÃŽ ¿f transportation had been shut-down, and fuel and rental cars were in short supply before the storm arrived.Brinkley criticized the gove rnment and said that the failure ÃŽ ¿f communication from government, caused a slow response to the storm. Several problems that came up developed from poor planning, and the failure ÃŽ ¿f back-up communications systems at various levels. Many telephones, including most cell phones and internet access, weren’t working due to line breaks, destruction ÃŽ ¿f base stations, or power failures, even though some stations had their own back-up generators. Many people were unprepared for such a disaster.Being unprepared has caused many deaths.

To prove that during the 19th and 20th century, women were considered Research Paper

To prove that during the 19th and 20th century, women were considered to be inferior beings with no rights, they faced constant oppression in a society dominated by the male - Research Paper Example Holt provides a profound analysis in her article about the content of the story in the poem, "Goblin Market." The poem was written in 1862 (in the 18th century) as a manifestation of the plight that women went through at that time. Holt notes that the author of the poem, Christina Rossetti made a an insightful presentation of two sisters, Lizzie and Laura who were forced to endure carnal lust just to embrace a higher and perceived purer realm of human sexuality, which is marriage (Holt 51). The poem is evidence of a strong thematic expression of renunciation that revolves around the lives of the two beautiful sisters. In the end, the two sisters subdue their fervent feelings for carnal lust, and they embrace their spiritual nature by getting married in a traditional Victorian marriage. However, the main theme and subtle undertone in the poem as argued by Holt and other prolific literature analysts is feminism. An incisive analysis by Holt into the poem depicts the dearth of male description and participatory segments until the end of it. Men are not mentioned as largely as the two sisters, a factor that shows subtle feminism. In the poem, men are the sellers of the goblin fruits in the local market but their actual mentioning is not extensive since the author focuses mainly on the lives of the two sisters, Lizzie, and Laura. Lizzie is depicted as a religious one due to her staunch Christianity affiliation. She is portrayed as a person who rescues her sister, Laura by playing the critical role of spiritual and earthly redemption (Russell, 143). Holt is insightful in exposing the depth of lust that the men selling goblin fruits at the market are showing. The men are subtly expressing their harbored objectivity for women. Holt notes that at the beginning of the poem, the author shows how the men objectify women. The men sing a

Our dreams Essay Example for Free

Our dreams Essay It is our constant pursuit to fulfill our dreams that captivates us to seek education and learning. We use this as instruments to satisfy the needed competencies to become capable in the responsibilities and roles our target profession may entail. Despite the occurrence of hindrances and obstacles along the way, each one must use this as an instrument to gain advantage and benefit from the process. This mindset together with the passion to learn has provided me the opportunity to apply for a degree in civil engineering at University of Massachusetts in Boston. At such a young age, I had always been fascinated in the way construction has helped man. These structures have constantly helped each one make their work easier by paving the way for access to roads and the creation of buildings to support both business and industrial objectives. Through this realization, I began to understand its relevance in society and clamored to learn the techniques and skills associated with engineering. This objective allowed me to find ways to enhance my current capabilities to fulfill this goal. As I took my education, I began to understand the relevance of gaining competency in my mathematics subjects as a foundation and preparation for my chosen profession. That is why I took extra effort in understanding and comprehending the subject. Though this may seem to be the case, I did not also look down or gave less priority on my other courses because I wanted to become a balanced student; eager and capable to withstand the challenges of academic life. Through this, I was able to benefit more in my high school education and further realize that my passion can be fulfilled. During my application to college, I had the privilege to go to Germany to seek education. However, I was not able to finish it due to some setbacks that I cannot prevent. However, this experience opened up my eyes to the realities in life. I must continuously struggle and work hard to achieve my dreams. I must be able to maintain my focus and target despite the obstacles that may come in the process. With my return in the United States, I spent 1 year with a host family and was tasked to take care of 3 boys in the process. By allowing myself to be in this position, I gained competence in organizational culture as I became acquainted and learned to communicate effectively with other people. I see this as an important stepping stone in my future career because it can allow me to gain my target clients together with the skills that I may learn during study. At the same time, during my travels in Las Vegas, I was fascinated in the construction present in the region. Due to these activities, I came to appreciate the relevance and roles of an engineer in these structures. I saw it entails a lot of collaboration, planning and effective implementation for these to become a reality. At the same time, it should adhere to specific standards and rules provided by each state. These experiences enticed me further to seek education, harness my skills as a potential engineer and create my own company that can make a difference to society which I believe that UMASS in Boston can give me. With all of these mentioned, I deem that the admissions committee consider my application and help me become trained and educated in my chosen profession. I feel that I had shown sufficient effort and dedication towards my craft. However, I feel that for these two tenets to be supplemented there must be a formal way wherein this can be actively facilitated. By allowing me to experience the education within the UMASS framework, I feel that I can actively become competent and recognize my dream of becoming an engineer in the future; a career that can help me realize my potential and contribute towards the improvement of my field and society.

Spinal Stenosis Essay Example for Free

Spinal Stenosis Essay False teachers were saying that self-control was not needed because deeds do not help the believers anyway. Peter continued to encourage believers to remain strong in their faith, by condemning the false teachers and defending the Parousia doctrine and difficulties of the last days. quickstudy. com) John also wrote a letter to the believers to get them back on track, to show the difference between light and darkness, and to encourage the church to grow in genuine love for God and for one another. This letter was to also assure the believers of eternal life and genuine faith so they could enjoy the full benefit of their position of children of god. A second letter was written to warn believers against supporting false teachers. John also addressed the importance of Christian responsibility to support preachers and missionaries. Later John wrote a third letter addressed to Galius, the importance of hospitality, in which Galius was later commended for. Diotrephes was condemned for his lack of hospitality and wanting to take control of the church. (3 John 9:10) The sins of the church such as pride, jealousy, and slander are still present in the church. This problem had to be confronted, so that it will not continue to grow in the church. A short letter was written by Jude, who is the brother of James and half brother of Jesus†, denouncing an unidentified group of heretics and defending Christian’s traditions. (quickstudy. com) Jude illustrates attitudes from typical false teachers, which are pride, jealousy, greed, lust for power, and disregard of God’s will. Jude gives examples: 1) Cain, who murdered his brother out of vengeful jealousy (Genesis 4:1-16) 2) Balaam, who prophesied out of gre ed, not out of obedience to God’s command (Numbers 22-24). The Revelations was written by John to assure Christians the return of Christ and unveiling of hidden realities. (quickstudy. com) He denounces evil and exhorts people to high Christian standards. He offers hope rather than gloom, John was not attempting to predict the future; he was only describing what God had shown. In conclusion the letters written by Paul, Peter, John and Jude were to make the believers aware of the problems in the church. Those letters were also intended to assure Christians of triumph of Christ through the apostles and symbols. Near the end of John’s life he received a vision from God, John then recorded and wrote the book of Revelation. The Revelation was probably the last works by the church in the first century. References: Life application study bible- NIV. (2005). Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale Publishers. Niswonger, R. (1992). New Testament history. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Smith

The Journey Of Mahatma Gandhi Religion Essay

The Journey Of Mahatma Gandhi Religion Essay Movie: Gandhi (1982) directed by Richard Attenborough and starring Ben Kingsley in the title role. This movie won 9 Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Screenplay and Best Cinematography. This movie depicts the journey of Mahatma Gandhi from the sole colored (racial discrimination inflicted on him) practicing advocate in South Africa, who is thrown out of a train at Pietermaritzburg on his refusal to shift to a third class coach while holding a valid first class ticket to the leader using the principles of non-violent resistance on behalf of Indian immigrants to his relocation to his mother land, India and inspiring the millions of fellow citizens by his charismatic leadership skills. The movie also portrays his individuality and relationships with his family, close-associates, friends and leaders of Indian Congress Party. Additionally, the principles followed by Mahatma Gandhi are represented fairly with the right blend of external factors including the British policies, poverty prevalent in rural India and discrimination issues affecting his decisions, outlook and strategies adopted together with the building of his Ashram. Who was Gandhi? Mr. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, bestowed with the title of Mahatma  [1]  (Hindi word for great soul), lovingly called Bapu (Hindi word for father) by his followers, is the Father of nation  [2]  of India, who not only raised his voice for Swaraj (home rule for India) and taught his countrymen to fight against the British empire, but led the world to believe and still follow his principles of truth and non-violence. Mahatma Gandhi was a qualified Barrister, studied law in University College of London, lead a simple life with his wife, Kasturbai Makhanji and four sons, Harilal, Manilal, Ramdas and Devdas. Though a Hindu by birth, he believed in spirituality and not strict adherence to religious beliefs. The dialogue from the movie Gandhi clearly reveals the same: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I will begin with the Bible where the words of the Lord are, Love thy neighbor as thyself and then our beloved Gita which says, The world is a garment worn by God, thy neighbor is in truth thyself and finally the Holy Koran, We shall remove all hatred from our hearts and recline on couches face to face, a band of brothers  [3]  . It is easier to explain the austerity of this great leader by borrowing the condolences of Edward R. Murrow from the 1982 movie Gandhi: ..Mahatma Gandhi was not a commander of great armies nor ruler of vast lands, he could boast no scientific achievements, no artistic gift. Yet men, governments and dignitaries from all over the world have joined hands today to pay homage to this little brown man in the loincloth who led his country to freedom Guiding principles and followers: Mahatma Gandhi followed the following 11 vows  [4]  throughout his life: non-violence, truth, non stealing, self discipline, non-possession, Bread labor, control of the palate, Fearlessness, equality of all religions, use of only locally made goods and removal of untouchability. These vows were envisaged in his book Yervada Mandir. He was unperturbed by the consequences that could follow on pursuing these principles, which undoubtedly made him the unique leader of East inspiring leaders across the globe, including Martin Luther King and James Lawson, drew from the writings of Gandhi in the development of their own theories about non-violence. Anti-apartheid activist and former President of South Africa, Nelson Mandela, was inspired by Gandhi. Others include Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Steve Biko, Aung San Suu Kyi and Philippine opposition leader during the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos, Benigno Aquino, Jr.  [5]  The Time Magazine in December, 1999 edition named The 14th Dalai Lama, Lech WaÅ‚Äâ„ ¢sa, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Cesar Chavez, Aung San Suu Kyi, Benigno Aquino, Jr., Desmond Tutu and Nelson Mandela as Children of Gandhi and his spiritual heirs to non-violence.  [6]   His journey, from a briefless barrister  [7]  in Bombay to the half naked Indian fakir  [8]  to the champion of the cause of non-violence and equality, was full of thorns in the form of assorted problems faced by him as well as roses as the numerous followers. Innumerable writers and leaders world-over have diverse opinion about the greatest spiritual and political leader of India. Whether people follow the principles of Mahatma Gandhi or they loathe him, his immense work cannot be ignored. In the words of Martin Luther King Jr. in the year 1955: Christ gave us the goals and Mahatma Gandhi the tactics.  [9]  The person of the century  [10]  Albert Einstein in his condolence message declared that Generations to come will scarce believe that such a one as this walked the earth in flesh and blood. Johanna Macgeary, a journalist with Time magazine quoted: His generation knew him as a radical political agitator; ours shrugs off a holy man with romantic notions of a pure, pre-industrial life. Further reporting that even his principal adversary, the Afrikaner leader Jan Smuts, recognized the power of his idea: Men like him redeem us from a sense of commonplace and futility.  [11]   The President of USA, Mr. B. H. Obama at the Wakefield High School speech in September 2009, quickly responded to a question posed on him as who was the one person, dead or alive, that he would choose to dine with? as Gandhi!, who he considers his biggest inspiration.  [12]   Leadership style: Leadership is a process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task.  [13]  There are diverse opinions and theories regarding definitions and classifications of leadership styles. Nevertheless, in the words of Vance Packard Leadership appears to be the art of getting others to want to do something you are convinced should be done. Leadership style is the summation of manner and approach of a leader in providing direction towards the accomplishment of a common task, implementing plans and motivating people. Kurt Lewin  [14]  led a group of researchers to identify different styles of leadership and established three major styles of leadership  [15]  as: authoritarian or autocratic; participative or democratic and delegative or laissez-faire. Participative leader: Mahatma Gandhi definitely was a participative or democratic leader, who involved the whole team in planning and goal setting, problem solving and emphasised team building; on the other hand, he retained his decision making authority that could not be challenged. Rather than deciding in an autocratic manner, he involved other people in the process, including his subordinates, peers, superiors and other stakeholders. Since the political situation then, was dynamic and changing frequently, the required democratic leadership flowed from Mahatma Gandhi. He brought out the best of experience and skill from the fellow Congress leaders, seniors and followers. He had a strong conviction with the right blend of flexibility and chose the appropriate approach to be followed. The communication channels used were open and transparent; and in case of any changes, the strategy was explained unambiguously. Theories of leadership: Various theories have been propounded on the concept of leadership based on varied attributes of a leader including traits, situational interaction, function, behavior, power, vision and values, charisma, and intelligence among others.  [16]   Transformational Leadership: Transformational leadership  [17]  as defined by Burns, is the process of motivating the team by leader to be effective and efficient and engaging their commitments in the context of the shared values and shared vision. It involves relationship of mutual trust between the leaders and the followers. Mahatma Gandhi beyond doubt was a transformational leader. He utilised his communication skills for facilitating and focusing his peers and followers on the final desired outcome or goal attainment. In consonance with Burns analysis, Mahatma Gandhi was highly visible and used chain of command. He focused on the ideal vision of Swaraj Home rule for India, and was surrounded by numerous other leaders who were responsible and accountable for the interim milestones leading to attaining the target. All the four elements of a transformational leader were evident in Mahatma Gandhis leadership: individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation and idealized influence. He attempted to attend to his followers individual needs, acting as their mentor and addressing their concerns. He unconditionally supported his followers and respected their individual contributions. The followers also had aspirations for self development and were motivated towards accomplishing their responsibilities. He was never averse to taking risks and was open to nurturing associates and followers. He articulated a common vision which inspiring not only his followers, but his peers and other contemporary leaders. Leaders with inspirational motivation challenge followers with high standards, communicate optimism about future goals, and provide meaning for the task at hand. Followers need to have a strong sense of purpose if they are to be motivated to act. Purpose and meaning pro vide the energy that drives a group forward. The visionary aspect of leadership are supported by communication skills that makes it precise and powerful. The followers are willing to invest more effort in their tasks, they are encouraged and optimistic about the future and believe in their abilities. 4. Idealized Influence Provides vision and sense of mission, instills pride, gains respect and trust. It involves having a clear vision and a sense of purpose. Such leaders are able to win the trust and respect of the followers. They build a base for future mission, which enables them to obtain extra efforts from the followers. Charismatic Leader Till now we have read about different types of leaders but some times it happens that we are awed by a leader and follow him/her blindly. The personal charm of the person influences us. These types of leaders are known as charismatic leaders. Mahatma Gandhi was also an example of charismatic leader. The charismatic leaders have the ability to carry the masses the them. They have a great deal of emotional appeal. Swami Vivekanand was another charismatic leader. Some characteristicof charismatic leaders are followers accept the leader unquestioningly. followers obey the leader willingly. followers beleif are similar to the leaders beleifs. followers trust the correctness of the leaders beleif. Servant leadership: Contemporary leaders: